Cluster A personality disorder

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Sub types of personality disorder:

There are three sub types of personality disorder
  • cluster A
  • cluster B
  • cluster C

Cluster A:

Cluster is called the odd, eccentric cluster. It include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder.

Paranoid personality disorder:

Paranoid personality disorder (PPD) is a type of  eccentric personality disorder. An eccentric personality disorder means that the person,s behavior may seem odd or unusual to others.
            It,s a mental disorder characterized  by paranoia and a pervasive, long standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. Individuals with this personality disorder may be hypersensitive , easily insulted and finding demeaning  or threatening subtext in even the most innocent of comments or events. An individual with paranoid personality disorder can be quick to feel anger and feel hostile towards others. They tend to be guarded and suspicious and have quite constricted emotional lives. Their reduced capacity for meaningful emotional involvement and the general pattern of isolated withdrawal often lend a quality of schizoid isolation to their life experience.People with Paranoid personality disorder may have a tendency to bear grudges , suspiciousness , tendency to interpret other's actions as hostile.
              Paranoid  personality disorder usually appear in early adulthood. According to the Cleveland Clinic, paranoid personality disorder appears to be more common in men than women.

 Causes of PPD:

The causes of paranoid personality disorder is unknown. However , researchers believe that a combination of biological and environmental factors can lead to paranoid personality disorder.
      A genetic contribution to paranoid traits and a possible genetic link between this personality disorder and schizophrenia exist. This disorder is present more often in families with a history of schizophrenia and delusional disorders. Early childhood trauma may be a contributing factor.
      Psychosocial theories implicate projection of negative internal feelings and parental modeling. Cognitive theorists believe the disorder to be a result of an underlying belief that other people are unfriendly in combination with a lack in self-awareness.

Symptoms of paranoid personality disorder:

Often people with PPD don't believe that their behavior is abnormal.It may seem completely rational to a person with PPD to be suspicious of others. However, those around them may believe this distrust is unwarranted and offensive. The person with PPD may behave in a hostile or stubborn manner.These generally unfounded beliefs as well as their habits of blame and distrust, might interfere with their ability to form close relationships.
                 Someone with PPD may have other ocnditions that can feed into their PPD. For example, depression and anxiety can affect person's mood. Mood changes can make someone with PPD more likely to feel paranoid and isolated.  Other symptoms include;
  • believing that others have hidden motives or are out to harm them
  • doubting the loyalty of others 
  • being hypersensitive to criticism 
  • having trouble working with others
  • being quick to become angry and hostile
  • becoming detached or society isolated
  • being argumentative and defensive 
  • having trouble seeing their own problems
  • having trouble relaxing
  Some symptoms of PPD can be similar to symptoms of other disorders. Schizophrenia and borderline personality disorders are two disorders with symptoms similar to PPD. It can be difficult to clearly diagnose these disorders.

Treatment of PPD:

People with paranoid personality disorder often don't seek to treatment on their own because they don't see themselves as having a problem.

Psychotherapy:

When treatment is sought, psychotherapy is the treatment of choice for PPD. These methods will:
  • help the individual learn how to cope with the disorder
  • learn how to communicate with others in social situations
  • help reduce feeling of paranoia
Because trust is an important factor of  psychotherapy. Treatment is challenging since people with PPD have such distrust of others. As a result , many people with PPD don't follow their treatment plans.

Medication:

Medication generally is not major focus of treatment for PPD. However, these can also be helpful, especially if the person with PPD has other related conditions such as depression or anxiety disorder. Medication may include:
  • antidepressent
  • benzodiazepines
  • antipsychotics
combining medication with psychotherapy can be very successful.  
     

 Image result for paranoid personality disorder images

References: 

  • Paranoid personality disorder.(n.d).https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid_personality_    disorder
  • Paranoid personality disorder.(n.d).https://www.healthline.com/health/paranoid_personality_disorder#outlook
  • Paranoid personality disorder.(n.d).https://www.webmd.com/mental_health/paranoid_personality_disorder.

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